Research on human athletes is changing what we know about stretching. For example, it is now recognized that aggressive stretching should only take place after muscles are warmed up and shortened from exertion. Authors Sasha and Ashley Foster have applied this latest research to dogs many of whom compete in vigorous canine sporting events so that you can learn how to safely and effectively stretch your dog to prevent injuries, maintain joint integrity, and improve your dog's fitness whether he is an elite canine athlete or a lap dog.   Stretching routines are presented for both large and small dogs, and older dogs.